Donald E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms (3rd Edition).

• Classic reference for algorithms related to arithmetic, including large number operations and numerical methods.

Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein, Introduction to Algorithms (3rd Edition).

• Comprehensive coverage of arithmetic algorithms, binary search, and computational problem solving.

Wikipedia: Arbitrary-precision arithmetic

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic
• Overview and techniques for handling large numbers in programming.

Wikipedia: Binary search algorithm

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm
• Theory, implementation, and applications of binary search.

NPTEL: Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms

• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106145/
• Video lectures and notes on arithmetic algorithms and efficient computation.